Fuel vaporizing device



Aug, 7, 1934.

ct. BUGAUD FUEL vAP'oRIzING- DEvIcE Filed oct. 12. 1931 /N'YNTJ I By: i /f l Patented Aug. 7, v1934 UNITED STATES 1,900,202 FUEL VAPOBIZING DEVICE Charles Burgaud, St. Germain snr `Morin par Couilly S/Marne, France Application October l12, 1931, Serial No. 568,470 In France November 5, 1930 z claim. (C1, 12s-ao) My invention relates to a device which allows for the alternate use of heavy or light fuels in engines working with a low rate of compression and provided with independent ignition means. 6 Such devices have already been described in my U. S. patent application Ser. No. 389,772, filed August 31, 1929.

The object of my invention is to provide a delgee which, like these prior devices, makes it possi- (a) to employ, under practical and economical conditions, heavy fuels which maybe used continuously for all conditions of working and with- 'out the necessity of either the liquid alone, or`

l the gaseous mixture, or both together being previously heated up;

(b) to do away with all dimculties arising from insufficient combustion;

(c) to employ continuously a light fuel such as gasoline, for any power, and to maintain the consumption at a normal value;

(d) to pass from a light to a heavy fuel without stopping the engine under load;

(e) to obtain the above results without having modify the carburetter in any way. As in the above mentioned patent, after having produced the air-gasoline, or the air-oil mixture, by means of a spraying device vfitted to the engine (a gasoline carburetter), the mixture is introduced into the cylinder by forcing it through a device (located inside the combustion chamber and placed over the inlet valve) which ensures its distribution and vaporization at a predetermined temperature. I

According to my invention, said device comprises an annular piece or ring provided with a plurality of slots or apertures, the latter being so devised that they deliver the gaseous mixture into the' cylinder in the form of spiral jets, this producing a stirring up and agitation of the gases, which is favorable to the homogeneity of the gaseous mixture. o

Said slots of grooves are so devised that said jets are not projected directly onto the walls of the cylinder. 'I'hey come into contact with the latter only at the lower part of the pistons path of travel. Formation of calamine, as well as condensations on the walls of the cylinder. the cylinder head, etc., are thus avoided.

The metal of which the ring is made, its mass, is surface of contact with the cylinder head are so chosen that:

(1) said ring is alternately brought to a maximum temperature, at the very moment of the ex plosion, and to a minimum temperature at the end of the admission stroke, the change from one temperature to the other one taking place in accordance with theecyele of the engine; y

(2) the temperature of said ring remains practi- 50 cally constant at the same point of the cycle and under any load, whatever be' the fuel that is employed, the heating curve of said piece with respect to the load being inversely disposed as compared with the cooling curve corresponding 05 to the admission of cool gases, as a function of the same load.

The improved device according to my invention may advantageously consist of a cylindrical ring provided with inner he1iooida1 grooves 1o- 70 cated at a constant distance from the axis of the cylinder and along a part of its height, the depth of said grooves is such that a calculated thickness of matter, forming a sleeve, remains on the periphery of the ring. s

'I'he upper part yof the ring, which is not provided with helicoidal grooves, comprises, on its inner side, a circular groove connected to a T shaped flange. Said flange serves to secure the ring in position. Its surface and its mass are so calculated as to satisfy the above stated law of heat interchanges.

The pitch or slope of the grooves is such that the projection of the gaseous mass into the cylinder comes into contact with the cylinder only at the lower dead center of the piston.

Said pitch is determined by the diameter of the cylinder, the stroke of the piston, and the speed of the gases as they pass along the grooves.

Owing to this device the vaporization of the fuel takes place spontaneously in the absence of any previous heating and without any prejudicial adhesion of the fuel mixture to the walls of the cylinder.

Preferred embodiments of my invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the; accompanying drawing, given merely by way of example. and in which it has been supposed that the inlet valve is located at the center of the cylinder head (which is the most favorable condition to ensure the protection of the cylinder walls):

Fig. 1 is an axial sectional view of the distributing and vaporizing device according to my invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same on the flange side;

Fig is another plane view ofthe same, on the side opposite to the flange;

Fig. Q is an axial sectional view of the cylinder, no

vaporizing device according to my invention;

Fig. is a view at an enlarged scale showing the mounting of the device according to my invention. y

As shown in Fig. 4, 1 is the cylinder, 2 is the inlet valve, 2 is the outlet valve, 3 isy the distributing and vaporizing device, 4 is the piston, 8 is the carburetter, 9 is the air intake of the carburetter; 10 is the jet; 11 is the throttle; 12 is the fuel inlet and 13 is the sparking plug.

The helicoidal grooves of the device are shown at 14, and their inner ends are shown at 14'. It will be seen that each of said grooves creeps in the material of the ring. The upper part 21 of the ring is connected to a flange 22. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the thickness of the ring;l decreases from part 21 to outlet face 23. The surface of contact of flange 22 with the cylinder is calculated in order to satisfy the condition of a constant temperature. The pitch of helicoidal slots 14 is such that the jets reach the cylinder walls only along the circumference which corresponds to the lower dead center of the piston stroke.

When the valve is in the open position (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5) the gases are only allowed to pass through the grooves, the valve head completely obturating face 23 of the ring.

' The motor is started by means of gasoline, or

of any other light fuel as in the case of an ordinary combustion engine. Said starting is intended to bring the inner device to the suitable temperature. 'Ihe interval of time required for that purpose is very short, and varies according to the cylinder capacity.

As soon as that optimum temperature is reached, the heavy fuel (of the gas-oil type) is admitted to the carburetter. 'I'he latter then operates under the same conditions as with light fuel.

In practice, the operation takes place in an absolutely normal manner whatever the load of the engine. No prejudicial fouling takes place, even after a prolonged running.

My invention of course comprises the use of several devices covering several valves, bringing the air-oil or the air-gasoline mixture.

-of the feeding organs and of the distributing and While I have disclosed what I deem to be a preferred embodiment of my invention, it should be well understood that IA do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the' arrangement, disposition and form of the parts Without departing from the principle of my invention as comprehended within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A fuel vaporizing and mixing device adapted i.

to the use of either a heavy or a light fuel in an internal combustion engine working with a low rate of compression and having an inlet valve and an inlet pipe, which comprises in combination, an

annular body placed inside the combustion cham-v as to leave a predetermined thickness around them, thus forming a continuous sleeve.

2. A fuel vaporizing and mixing device adapted .to the use of either heavy or light fuel in internal combustion engines working at a low rate of compression and having an inlet pipe, an inlet valve and a cylinder, which comprises an annular body placed inside the combustion chamber and surrounding said inlet' valve, said annular body being provided with a plurality of helical grooves in its inner surfaces communicating with said inlet pipe when said inlet valve is open, while the inner central conduit of the annular body remains obturated by the inlet valve head, said annular body being also provided with a circular groove extending above said helical grooves. and a flange' at right angles to the outer walls of said annular body adapted to serve for securing the annular body to the cylinder.

CHARLES BUGAUD. 

